Methodology
Mohammad Nejadiran; Rozhan Hesam Ghazi
Abstract
The dominance of positivism over the philosophy of science in the first years of the twentieth century, due to its wave of criticism by some philosophers of science in the second half of this century, was in crisis and collapse. The views of scientific philosophers such as Popper, Cohen, and Lakatos ...
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The dominance of positivism over the philosophy of science in the first years of the twentieth century, due to its wave of criticism by some philosophers of science in the second half of this century, was in crisis and collapse. The views of scientific philosophers such as Popper, Cohen, and Lakatos provided the basis for the emergence of more radical critiques of the classical stream of the philosophy of science. In the same vein, Feyerabend tried to replace the previous approaches with a kind of methodological anarchism in his book, Against Method: The Anarchist Theory of Knowledge. According to her, there is no reasonable way to obtain and reject theories. In this book, she shows that trying to find rules for the logical reconstruction of the process of advancing science and proving and refuting theories is futile. In this research, while reviewing the mentioned book, an attempt has been made to evaluate some of the main views of the author in terms of form and content. The purpose of this work is to show the validity of the author’s radical claims in the philosophy of science and to assess its strengths and weaknesses. The method used in the critique of this descriptive-analytical work shows that Firand’s views, while in the field of philosophy of science as a new critical approach to the importance and privileged position, have unresolved conflicts to which they write. It has been overlooked, and it seems that those who follow his views in the philosophy of science should make more theoretical efforts to solve it.
Methodology
MOHAMMAD NEZHADIRAN; Rozhan Hesam Ghazi
Abstract
Seyyed Hossein Nasr is one of the most influential contemporary traditionalists, who has provided the major criticism of ideas about modernity. Modern science is one of the most important achievements of modernity that has been criticized through Nasr thought. Nasr approach to modern science does not ...
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Seyyed Hossein Nasr is one of the most influential contemporary traditionalists, who has provided the major criticism of ideas about modernity. Modern science is one of the most important achievements of modernity that has been criticized through Nasr thought. Nasr approach to modern science does not stop merely at the level of criticism, but he tries to introduce an alternative to modern science which is named the traditional knowledge that he believes there is an unbreakable link with sacred and religious beliefs. Nasr tries to explain the concept of traditional knowledge through distinction between traditional knowledge with modern science as it is formulated. This paper examines Nasr approach to criticize and review the book "The Need for Sacred Science" which shows that the concept of traditional knowledge has no historical authenticity. Merely nostalgic reaction to the development of modern science and demythologization consequences of the status quo and modern Brjvam relations have been in the face of the crisis. Survey shows that the philosophical foundations of the traditional knowledge provided by Nasr are inconsistent with the nature of historical sciences. But from a negative approach, it is against the ontological, epistemological, and methodological principles of the science.
